Золото стимулює, а срібло розслаблює.
05/07/2007 | Мікробіолог
Типові "біо-технології" в сучасних українських умах - це мідні браслети або щось в цьому роді.
Цікава публікація про відставання Європи у розвитку біотехнологій порівняно з Америкою і Японією. Але ще цікавіше, що найбільший вклад в цю галузь дає не бізнес, а університети і громадські фонди.
Universities drive biotech advancement
Universities and public research institutes, rather than companies, are driving advances in biotechnology, according to a worldwide patent analysis released on Monday at the Bio conference in Boston. However, there is a global disparity in academic patenting activity, with the US and Japan well ahead of Europe.
The study by Marks & Clerk, the UK-based intellectual property firm, analysed biotech patenting by universities, public bodies and companies between 2002 and 2006. Gareth Williams, co-author of the report, expressed surprise at the dominance of the academic sector; he was disappointed but less surprised by Europe's poor performance in comparison with the US and Asia.
The top three patenting organisations were the Japan Science and Technology Agency with 1,022 biotech patent families - groups of patents associated with a single invention - the University of California with 543, and the US government with 443, mainly from the National Institutes of Health.
The highest ranking company, Genentech of the US, appears at number four in the table, with 421 patent families, and Millennium Pharmaceuticals is sixth. But the top 20 is dominated by American universities.
All the most influential patents, in terms of the frequency with which they are cited by other researchers, come from universities. By this measure the champion institution is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which holds - alone or jointly with Harvard University - the three most cited patents.
Oxford has the best patenting performance of any European university, with 65 patent families - less than half the number assigned to each of the universities of Texas, Pennsylvania, Florida, Johns Hopkins, Stanford and Columbia in the US.
"The academic performance from Europe reflects badly on its leading institutions, which are still failing to translate their enormous skills base into commercial reality," Dr Williams said. "Academic patents are very valuable . . . as they cover fundamental technologies."
Europe's corporate performance is slightly better. Novozymes of Denmark is the highest ranking European company, with 162 patent families. The study singles out Denmark as the outstanding European country for its biotech patenting growth; Danish companies and universities have trebled their filings from a total of 75 in 2002 to 225 in 2006. Last year Danish companies were the third largest country group in the study, after the US and Japan.
Over the five years covered by the study, the biotech sector - academic and corporate - has become "much more mature and less speculative" in its patenting, the report says.
In 2002 patenting activity "included a high level of speculative, sequence-based inventions related to genetic engineering. By 2006 this figure falls by 78 per cent and the focus of research becomes much more concentrated." Hot areas for patenting are now antibodies, gene therapy and stem cells.
"This suggests that lessons have been learnt as to what is patentable and, more importantly, commercially worthwhile," Dr Williams said. As a result of this more focused activity, the global volume of biotech patenting has declined since 2002.
Взято з:
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ft/20070506/bs_ft/fto050620071716504986
Цікава публікація про відставання Європи у розвитку біотехнологій порівняно з Америкою і Японією. Але ще цікавіше, що найбільший вклад в цю галузь дає не бізнес, а університети і громадські фонди.
Universities drive biotech advancement
Universities and public research institutes, rather than companies, are driving advances in biotechnology, according to a worldwide patent analysis released on Monday at the Bio conference in Boston. However, there is a global disparity in academic patenting activity, with the US and Japan well ahead of Europe.
The study by Marks & Clerk, the UK-based intellectual property firm, analysed biotech patenting by universities, public bodies and companies between 2002 and 2006. Gareth Williams, co-author of the report, expressed surprise at the dominance of the academic sector; he was disappointed but less surprised by Europe's poor performance in comparison with the US and Asia.
The top three patenting organisations were the Japan Science and Technology Agency with 1,022 biotech patent families - groups of patents associated with a single invention - the University of California with 543, and the US government with 443, mainly from the National Institutes of Health.
The highest ranking company, Genentech of the US, appears at number four in the table, with 421 patent families, and Millennium Pharmaceuticals is sixth. But the top 20 is dominated by American universities.
All the most influential patents, in terms of the frequency with which they are cited by other researchers, come from universities. By this measure the champion institution is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which holds - alone or jointly with Harvard University - the three most cited patents.
Oxford has the best patenting performance of any European university, with 65 patent families - less than half the number assigned to each of the universities of Texas, Pennsylvania, Florida, Johns Hopkins, Stanford and Columbia in the US.
"The academic performance from Europe reflects badly on its leading institutions, which are still failing to translate their enormous skills base into commercial reality," Dr Williams said. "Academic patents are very valuable . . . as they cover fundamental technologies."
Europe's corporate performance is slightly better. Novozymes of Denmark is the highest ranking European company, with 162 patent families. The study singles out Denmark as the outstanding European country for its biotech patenting growth; Danish companies and universities have trebled their filings from a total of 75 in 2002 to 225 in 2006. Last year Danish companies were the third largest country group in the study, after the US and Japan.
Over the five years covered by the study, the biotech sector - academic and corporate - has become "much more mature and less speculative" in its patenting, the report says.
In 2002 patenting activity "included a high level of speculative, sequence-based inventions related to genetic engineering. By 2006 this figure falls by 78 per cent and the focus of research becomes much more concentrated." Hot areas for patenting are now antibodies, gene therapy and stem cells.
"This suggests that lessons have been learnt as to what is patentable and, more importantly, commercially worthwhile," Dr Williams said. As a result of this more focused activity, the global volume of biotech patenting has declined since 2002.
Взято з:
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ft/20070506/bs_ft/fto050620071716504986